Tipe If- Clause
If clauses digunakan untuk menyatakan sebuah kondisi atas kejadian atau keberadaan sesuatu.
Contoh : If you mix sugar with water, it will dissolve
Here, the sugar will dissolve on the condition that you mix it with water.
Ada tiga tipe if clauses:
Type 1. mengenai kejadian nyata
Dalam tipe 1, if clause dalam present tense, sedangkan main clause biasanya dalam bentuk present, future, atau imperative.
Contoh:
If you go to the drug store, buy me a soft drink. (present ; imperative)
Contoh : If you mix sugar with water, it will dissolve
Here, the sugar will dissolve on the condition that you mix it with water.
Ada tiga tipe if clauses:
Type 1. mengenai kejadian nyata
Dalam tipe 1, if clause dalam present tense, sedangkan main clause biasanya dalam bentuk present, future, atau imperative.
Contoh:
If you go to the drug store, buy me a soft drink. (present ; imperative)
If Mary calls, I’ll invite her to the concert. (present ; future)
If Mary should call, I’ll invite her to the concert. (modal ; future)
Type 2
Type 2 is concerned with hypothetical or unreal situations in the present. (berkaitan dengan khayalan atau situasi yang tidak nyata saat ini.)
- If I had the money, I would buy a motorcycle.
This is called a hypothetical if clause because I don’t have the money but I am imagining what I would do if I did.
Type 3
Type 3 is concerned with hypothetical discussion about the past.
- If I had known you were sick, I would have made you some soup. (past perfect-modal past)
Here the implication is that I didn’t know you were sick (and that you may no longer be sick).
- If you had been here yesterday, you could have seen Pam. (past perfect-modal past)
It is clear in the example that you were not here yesterday.
Type 2 is concerned with hypothetical or unreal situations in the present. (berkaitan dengan khayalan atau situasi yang tidak nyata saat ini.)
- If I had the money, I would buy a motorcycle.
This is called a hypothetical if clause because I don’t have the money but I am imagining what I would do if I did.
Type 3
Type 3 is concerned with hypothetical discussion about the past.
- If I had known you were sick, I would have made you some soup. (past perfect-modal past)
Here the implication is that I didn’t know you were sick (and that you may no longer be sick).
- If you had been here yesterday, you could have seen Pam. (past perfect-modal past)
It is clear in the example that you were not here yesterday.
Tipe Wish
Type 1. mengenai kejadian nyata
Dalam tipe 1, if clause dalam present tense, sedangkan main clause biasanya dalam bentuk present, future, atau imperative.
Type 2
Type 2 .is concerned with hypothetical or unreal situations in the present. (berkaitan dengan khayalan atau situasi yang tidak nyata saat ini.)
Type 3
Type 3 .is concerned with hypothetical discussion about the past
Fungsi dari masing-masing tipe :
Type 1.
Dalam tipe 1, if clause dalam present tense, sedangkan main clause biasanya dalam bentuk present, future, atau imperative.
Type 2
Type 2 .is concerned with hypothetical or unreal situations in the present. (berkaitan dengan khayalan atau situasi yang tidak nyata saat ini.)
Type 3
Type 3 .is concerned with hypothetical discussion about the past.
10 contoh kalimat pengandaian beserta faktanya :
1. I wish I knew how to dance ( I don’t know how to dance )
2. I wish I had a bicycle ( I don’t have a bicycle )
3. I wish I were home in bed ( I’m not home in bed )
4. I wish it weren’t cold today ( It’s cold today )
5. We wish we were in Bali ( We aren’t in Bali )
6. I wish I had a car ( I don’t have a car )
7. I wish I had a tape recorder ( I don’t have a tape recorder )
8. I wish I had studied for the test ( I didn’t study for the test )
9. John wishes he had finished his work ( John didn’t finish his work )
10. I wish I hadn’t gone to the meeting ( I went to meeting )
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